Individuals are recognized everywhere and treated equally under the law, without distinction to any characteristic, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

Individuals can make decisions regarding their own life, body, health, and well-being, without coercion or interference.

Individuals can freely express their thoughts, opinions, and ideas through any medium without fear of censorship, retribution, or suppression in public spaces nor subjection to community standards in their private spaces.

Individuals can choose, practice, and manifest their religion or beliefs, Individually or in community with others, without fear of persecution or discrimination, to the extent this does not infringe on the rights of others.

Individuals are represented fairly and justly in the governing bodies of the Jurisdictions they reside in.

Individuals are secure in their bodies, homes, property, and communications from both Government and private interference, including trespass, theft, warrantless or unreasonable searches, seizures, or surveillance.

Individuals are never compelled to speak for any reason except to testify to the truth of events in a court of law.

Individuals are never compelled to make self-incriminating statements under any circumstances.

Individuals are free from any law, contract, or agreement that attempts to disempower A Fair Constitution or their rights.

Individuals are entitled to fair and public trials Judged by an impartial tribunal.

Individuals are entitled to competent advocates representing them in a court of law, timely hearings, and a presumption of innocence until otherwise proven beyond reasonable doubt.

Individuals are not subject to torture or to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment under the law.

Individuals have access to news and information and can report news freely without fear of censorship or interference.

Individuals can vote in any election or referendum and can participate in all other public decision-making processes regardless of any characteristic except jurisdictional association.

Individuals can stand for any elected office or civil appointment, as well as participate in any other electoral process regardless of any characteristic except jurisdictional association.

Individuals can peacefully assemble and associate with any other individual without fear of warrantless or unreasonable intervention or repression.

Individuals can engage in enterprise, commerce, and other economic activities freely, without warrantless or unreasonable restrictions.

Individuals can move within and between Jurisdictions, subject only to reasonable, justifiable, and temporary limitations that respect public safety and security.

Individuals can move capital, goods, and services within and between Jurisdictions, subject only to reasonable regulations that promote economic cooperation and fairness.

Individuals have equal access to goods and services of the Common Good regardless of any characteristic except jurisdictional association.

Individuals can reside in any Jurisdiction of their choosing, and are subject to the laws of the Jurisdiction they choose to reside in.

Individuals can freely form contracts and agreements with others to protect their rights and interests.

Individuals can create, petition, and protest Governments for redress of grievances.

Individuals can do what is necessary and the laws of nature allow to secure their rights.

Section 1 – Created through Consent

Legislatures faithfully represent the will of all constituents in their respective Jurisdictions while preserving The Constitutional rights of all Individuals and upholding constitutional order. All Powers are granted to Legislatures by all Individuals associated with their respective Jurisdictions.

Section 2 – Basic Description

Legislatures adopt suitable rules of order and codes of ethics that apply to all elected officials and civil officers.

Legislatures establish independent and politically neutral offices for administering parliamentary procedures, enforcing ethical codes, and for investigating any cases of suspected misconduct.

Legislatures ensure all individuals associated with their Jurisdiction have the right to vote for their representatives and have the right to be chosen as a representative for any office in their Jurisdiction.

Legislatures ensure the security and integrity of the free and fair election process, secure the secret ballot for all individuals, and maintain public chains of custody for the counting of votes where all factions can observe and audit the election and ballot counting processes.

Legislatures ensure all individuals living in their respective Jurisdictions have the necessary time and resources required to cast their ballots in all elections.

Legislatures keep accurate and up to date records on the population of their residents for the purposes of apportioning taxes, resources, and legislative seats to any subdivisions that may exist in a Jurisdiction.

Legislatures set the expiration of terms of office and set regular intervals for elections of elected offices. Unless otherwise amended, elections occur every five (5) years.

Legislatures establish independent election boards responsible for ensuring that boundaries of subdivisions are drawn equally, contiguously, and fairly as well as for administrating a transparent and public election process. Unless otherwise amended, the Maximum number of Members a Legislature, or one of its subdivisions can have before it must split is nine (9).

Legislatures establish voting systems where the factional makeup of an elected body is matched to the collective preferences of the voters. Unless otherwise amended, The Method of voting used in elections is Single Transferable Vote using the Droop Quota Method.

Legislatures require the consent of a majority, or if explicitly stated Supermajority, of all serving members to pass bills, appointments, and other acts into law.

Legislatures meet regularly and compel the attendance of their members should it be necessary. Legislatures are required to meet at least once every Ninety (90) days.

Legislatures publish a public and readily available record of statements made, bills presented, and votes cast with explanations for those decisions.

Legislatures begin each day’s session by counting the members present in order to show a sufficient number of members are present to do business. Then Legislatures resolve any emergency powers outstanding, and any constitutional matters brought before them by A Fair Constitution or relevant Court of Law.

Section 3 – Speaker of the Legislature

The Speaker of a Legislature is a politically neutral officer who presides as the chair of meetings, represents the whole of a Legislature, and ensures a Legislature operates smoothly. At the first meeting of a Legislature after an election, Speakers are elected by the Supermajority of a Legislature and serve until the next new Legislature. Speakers can be replaced by a Supermajority of The Legislature at any time.

The Speaker of a Legislature does not vote on any act unless they need to break a tie.

The Speaker of a Legislature ensures that each member can communicate their priorities to The Legislature.

The Speaker of a Legislature makes sure Committee seat assignments are fairly distributed in accordance with constitutional procedures and serves as the Judge in all questions of impeachment, censure, and expulsion except their own.

Section 4 – Committees

Legislatures, by Supermajority vote, establish Committees made of smaller numbers of members for the purposes of considering specific issues and organizing the flow of the legislative process.

The factional makeup of Committee seats and Committees align with the factional makeup of the whole Legislature. Within each faction, Committee seats are distributed evenly between members.

At the first legislative meeting after a general election, each faction is awarded their respective committee seats based on the factional proportions. Then each member chooses their own Committee assignments in a ranked preference ballot. Committee assignments are assigned in order of preference first, then by procedurally resolving ties when the number of members with the same preference exceeds the number of seats available on a committee. Ties are broken by ranking each members own 1st choice vote performance in the prior election. If a tie remains for the final seat, subsequent rank choice vote performance is considered.

The whole Legislature votes for the chair and their alternates of each Committee in a ranked choice vote.

When a vacancy occurs or a new Committee is created, Committee members are elected in a ranked choice vote by the whole Legislature without violating factional proportion requirements.

Section 5 – Vacancies

When vacancies occur for any elected office, the seat is filled first by using countback procedures from the prior election results to determine a new winner from the pool of candidates as if the vacated member was never a candidate in the election.

If the result of a countback procedure fails to yield a replacement, then an election is called in the affected Jurisdiction at the designated Special Election interval. Unless otherwise amended, Special Elections occur Ninety (90) to One Hundred Eighty (180) days after the vacancy occurs.

Section 6 – Referendums

Legislatures may, by Supermajority vote, delegate their legislative authority on specific issues directly to Individuals through questions of referendum.

Individuals can create laws directly by submitting petitions signed by a threshold percentage of their jurisdiction’s population to the Election board. Initiatives are placed on the next Jurisdiction wide ballot after they are received. Petitions are invalidated if their proposed law is interpreted by a constitutional court to be unconstitutional, or if too many signatures have been invalidated through an independent and transparent audit.

Legislative acts that require a simple majority of legislators to agree, require a simple majority of the population to agree. Acts that require a Supermajority of legislators to agree require a Supermajority of the resident population to agree.

Legislatures, by supermajority vote, can modify or repeal acts passed through the referendum process during the same term unless a supermajority of the population approved the act. After a general election, all acts passed by the population in prior legislative sessions are treated as law passed by the legislature.

Section 7 – Emergency Powers

In the event of natural disaster or actual invasion, Legislatures may, by Supermajority vote, invoke Emergency Powers for the purposes of preserving the lives, properties, boundaries, and Constitutional Order.

The expected duration, not exceeding the maximum allowed, area of affect, not exceeding Jurisdictional authority, and specific enforcement methods, not breaching Constitutional Order, are defined when invoking Emergency Powers.

Legislatures, by Supermajority vote, may renew Emergency Powers for a time not to exceed the Maximum Duration.

Unless otherwise amended, the Maximum Duration of Emergency Powers is Ninety (90) days.

Emergency Powers cannot disrupt the Legislative, Judicial, or Electoral process, nor disrupt any other civic process.

Emergency Powers are subject to Judicial review.

 

Section 8 – Forbidden Actions

Legislatures cannot subdivide themselves as to select members from separate pools of voters unless the total number of representatives exceeds a defined maximum. When Legislatures exceed the maximum number of members, the population is subdivided into contiguous and equal groupings. Where there are subdivisions and an odd number of representatives, the boundaries are made in such a way as to keep the ratio of representatives to each subdivision’s population uniform.

Individuals cannot prevent any other Individual, Representative, or Civil Officer from voting, debating, or otherwise fulfilling their civic obligations. Individuals working on behalf of their Jurisdictions cannot prevent these same things by refusing to execute their own civic obligations.

Acts cannot apply to actions that occurred prior to their enactment nor can any Act punitively target specific individuals or groups.

Individuals working on behalf of their Jurisdiction cannot arrest any other Individual except with a warrant from a court establishing the reason for the arrest and the maximum duration an Individual can be held.

Individuals cannot be held as property or compelled into servitude for any reason.

Any Individual who has been prosecuted for a criminal act cannot be prosecuted for that same act again. All other Judgements can be overturned only by proven contradictions in law and errors found in the cases that cause invalid Judgements.

Individuals cannot be compelled to pay taxes, fees, liens, or costs to exercise their Civic Rights and Obligations.

Section 9 – Governments

Legislatures create Chief Executive departments for the purpose of executing the laws and administrating the whole Jurisdiction.

Legislatures create Treasury departments for the purpose of managing the capital and finances of their Common Good.

Legislatures create Defense departments for the purpose of protecting Individuals and the Common Good of their Jurisdiction.

Legislatures create State departments for managing their Jurisdictions’ internal and external relationships.

Legislatures create Justice departments for enforcing the law, and Judiciaries for settling disputes of law and constitutional order.

Legislatures create Other departments that are necessary for upholding constitutional order and executing the laws.

Unless otherwise amended, Civil Appointments last for ten (10) years.

Section 1 – Authority by Extension

Governments faithfully execute the will of their constituents while preserving the rights of all Individuals and upholding constitutional order. Powers granted to Governments are granted to them by Individuals residing in the Jurisdiction where the authority of the Government applies. Legislatures establish operating Governments to execute the will of A Fair Constitution and laws enacted.

Section 2 – Executive Committees

Legislatures may, by Supermajority vote, delegate portions their Executive authority to Executive Committees.

Executive Committees are composed of a Legislature’s members in the same kind of factional proportions and selected in the same manner as defined in the Constitution.

Section 3 – Elected Executives

Elected Officers are elected by the entire population in the same manner as the members of The Legislature and their terms last for the same length.

Legislatures may, by Supermajority vote, delegate portions of their Executive authority to directly elected Executive Representatives

Jurisdictions composed of Constituent Jurisdictions require a Supermajority of Jurisdictions to agree before for any Executive Office can be created or altered.

If an Executive Office is modeled for an Individual, then at least the top four (4) runners up serve as alternates and advisors to the Executive Representative. If an Executive Office is modeled for a Committee, then the Committee must have at least five (5) Elected Representatives.

Executive Representatives enjoy the same rights and privileges as members of The Legislature and are bound by the same ethical and legal duties, including the capacity to be removed from office by Supermajority vote.

Section 4 – Boards of Governors

Executive Representatives, with the consent of their Legislatures, appoint experts in relevant fields to Boards of Governors. Governors execute the charters, acts and rules of their departments. Members of the Board are politically neutral, and their term length is the same as all other civil officers.

Executive Representatives, have full and equal investigative and administrative power over their respective departments. They may propose changes to department policies and call for the removal of a Board Member if they believe in good faith that the Board Member has failed to execute their duties competently or ethically.

Section 5 – Common Good Corporations

Legislatures create Common Good Corporations to provide goods and services to Individuals in a Jurisdiction. Legislatures establish Executive Committees or Elected Executive Offices to oversee Common Good Corporations.

Common Good Corporations and Private Enterprises are treated identically with regards to regulations of the same goods, services, and labor practices.

Legislatures may purchase Private Enterprises that gain monopolistic control over any good or service as well as Private Enterprises that are for sale on the Open Market.

Shareholders of Private Enterprises are paid at least the fair market price for their shares upon conversion. The Board Members of Private Enterprises are given the option to join the founding Board of Governors for the Common Good Corporations that succeed the Private Enterprise.

Legislatures may reorganize, dissolve, or sell Common Good Corporations on the Open Market to Private Enterprises.

All patents, Trade secrets, and copyrighted works created or owned by Common Good Corporations are universally and eternally in the public domain and can be used by any individual or organization.

Section 6 – Work Councils

When an Executive Department, Common Good Corporation, or Private Enterprise has a certain minimum number of Individuals contracted to perform work, then at least one worker-elected representative is added to the Board of Governors.

The number of worker-elected representatives scales uniformly until a Maximum Number of Workers has been achieved. At that point and beyond the number of shareholder-elected and worker-elected members on the Board are equal. The chair is elected jointly by the entire Board.

Unless otherwise Amended, The Minimum Number of Employees needed to get worker-elected representation is one hundred (100). The Maximum Number of Employees needed to achieve parity is two thousand (2000).